Reuse units built to a target quality, and to the standard your regulator expects
Treated water is only useful if its quality is predictable. AFD designs reuse units from the quality required at the point of use, then engineers the whole train to hold it.
Why reuse
- Cuts fresh-water demand and tanker dependence
- Lowers sewage discharge and the burden on the receiving body
- Supports compliance for projects that must reuse treated water
- Gives a stable supply for flushing, gardening, cooling, washing and process
The reuse train, stage by stage
| Stage | What it does | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| Screening and equalisation | Removes coarse solids and evens out flow and load | Protects equipment and steadies the biology |
| Biological treatment (MBBR, SBR, MBR) | Removes organic load and nutrients | Sets the base quality of the whole train |
| Clarification or membrane separation | Separates biomass from treated water | Controls suspended solids |
| UF polishing | Removes fine particles and most bacteria | Gives a consistent feed and low turbidity |
| RO or disinfection | RO reduces dissolved salts; chlorine or UV disinfects | Meets the quality of the intended use |
| Online monitoring and control | Tracks key parameters and alarms deviations | Holds the quality stable and records it |
Designed to the applicable standard
Discharge and reuse limits in India are set by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), by State Pollution Control Boards and, for each site, by the Consent to Operate. Limits differ by state, by receiving body and by use.
Our design basis is the standard that applies to your plant: we confirm it with you at the start, design to it and test against it at commissioning. Many boards now apply a BOD of 10 mg/L or lower for treated sewage discharged to surface water, and we routinely design for that. With UF polishing, below 3 mg/L BOD is achievable.
| Parameter | What it tells you | How the plant addresses it |
|---|---|---|
| BOD and COD | Organic pollution | Biological stage sized for the load, UF polishing for tight limits |
| TSS and turbidity | Suspended particles | Clarification or membrane separation, filtration |
| pH | Acidity or alkalinity | Equalisation and pH correction where needed |
| Oil and grease | Fats from kitchens and industry | Grease trap and DAF |
| Ammonia, nitrogen, phosphate | Nutrients | Process design for nitrification and denitrification, chemical dosing where required |
| Faecal coliform | Microbial safety | Disinfection by chlorine or UV, UF as a barrier |
| Conductivity and TDS | Dissolved salts | RO where high-grade reuse is needed |
Reuse applications
| Use | Treatment emphasis |
|---|---|
| Toilet flushing and gardening | Reliable polishing and disinfection, odour-free |
| Cooling tower and washing | Low turbidity and hardness control, UF or RO as needed |
| Construction and general use | Clarity and disinfection |
| Process and high-grade reuse | UF plus RO, monitored conductivity and quality |
Proving the quality
What you get
- Performance trial at commissioning against the agreed target quality
- Online sensors for key parameters, with alarms
- Logbook and reporting under our operation or AMC service
- IoT-based panels for remote viewing and records, which also supports boards that ask for online data from larger plants
Existing plant not meeting the norm?
Many plants can be brought to standard without being replaced. We audit, find the cause and restructure.
Restructuring services
Designed in India. Engineered for Global Deployment.
Planning reuse, or need to meet a standard?
Send your flow, current quality data and the consent conditions you work to.
Request OEM / project quoteOEM and skid supply